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Biomed Tech Hub is dedicated to providing educational content related to Biomedical Engineering, Medical Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation, Medical Imaging, Biosensors, and Healthcare Technology.

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Electrooculography (EOG) – Working Principle, Instrumentation, Signal Acquisition and Applications

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  Introduction The human eye is not only responsible for vision but also generates measurable electrical signals during eye movements. These bioelectric signals can be detected and analyzed using a biomedical technique known as Electrooculography (EOG) . EOG is a non-invasive method used to record the electrical potential generated by eye movements and retinal activity. The human eye behaves like an electrical dipole, where the front portion (cornea) is positively charged relative to the back portion (retina). When the eyes move, the orientation of this dipole changes, producing voltage variations that can be detected using electrodes placed around the eyes. Electrooculography is widely used in ophthalmology, biomedical instrumentation, neuroscience, human-computer interaction, sleep studies, rehabilitation engineering, and assistive technologies. It plays an important role in diagnosing eye disorders, studying eye movement behavior, controlling assistive devices, and developing ad...
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ECG Machine – Working Principle, Block Diagram, Components and Applications

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Introduction The Electrocardiogram (ECG) machine is one of the most important medical instruments used in modern healthcare. It is a diagnostic device designed to record the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. Since cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide, ECG technology plays a vital role in the early detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various heart-related disorders. The human heart functions as a biological pump that continuously circulates blood throughout the body. To perform this function effectively, the heart muscles contract and relax in a coordinated manner. These contractions are initiated and controlled by electrical impulses generated within the heart. Whenever the heart beats, tiny electrical signals are produced, which can be detected at the surface of the skin using electrodes. An ECG machine captures these electrical signals, amplifies them, removes unwanted noise, and displays them in the form ...
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Biomedical Sensors – Types, Working Principles, Characteristics and Applications

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Introduction Sensors are the foundation of modern biomedical instrumentation systems. Almost every medical device used in hospitals, clinics, research laboratories, and wearable healthcare systems depends on sensors to measure physiological parameters accurately. Whether it is monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen saturation, brain activity, or muscle signals, sensors serve as the primary interface between the human body and electronic systems. A sensor is a device that detects a physical, chemical, or biological quantity and converts it into an electrical signal that can be processed, displayed, or recorded. In Biomedical Engineering, sensors play a critical role in acquiring physiological information and transforming biological signals into meaningful data for diagnosis and treatment. The rapid advancement of healthcare technology has led to the development of highly sensitive, miniaturized, and intelligent biomedical sensors. These sensors are now integr...
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